letter r

The industrial process that kills micro organisms by exposure to high levels of ionizing energy. Most commonly used are gamma rays from cobalt 60. Electron-beam x-ray energy is also used.

A small depressed cavity (detent) in the base of the bottle to act as a guide in positioning the bottle in the decorating machine for application of decoration.

A method used to trim and size the inside of a plastic bottle neck finish. A special rotating cutting tool trims the sealing surface smooth and simultaneously reams (bores) the bottom opening to desired size.

A container design in which the flat area for labeling is indented or recessed.

Packaging materials that may be processed for reuse by a series of changes or treatments, but not necessarily for their original use.

Companies offering to recycle plastic or paper products, in order to reduce waste materials going into landfills.

In plastic bottle manufacturing, ground material from flash and trimmings which is usually blended with virgin material and remolded.

The turning or twisting force required to remove a lug cap, screw cap, or twistoff crown. Usually expressed in terms of "inch pounds" and measured by means of a reliable torque meter.

Renewable energy resources are naturally replenished in a relatively short period of time. Based on U.S. DOE data, renewable energy resources include biomass, hydropower, geothermal energy, wind energy and solar energy.

A renewable resource, according to the U.S. EPA, is a natural resource that can be remade, regrown, or regenerated in a relatively short period of time. Examples of renewable resources are plants and trees.

Shipping container in which empty unit containers are received and intended to be used as shipping containers for the product packaged in the unit containers.

Any of a class of solid or semi-solid organic products of natural or synthetic origin, generally non-crystalline and of high molecular weight with no definite melting point. Most resins are polymers. 

Fillers, stabilizers, color pigments, etc., that are mixed in small quantities with resins to manufacture plastic items.

Various physically similar synthetic chemical compounds which are used to manufacture plastic items. Common resins include high density polyethylene (HDPE), polypropylene (P/P), and polyethylene terephthalate (PET).

A closure silhouette characterized by the top of the closure being larger in diameter than the open end.

RNase, an enzyme that breaks down RNA, is a contaminant that interferes with nucleotide research. Plastic containers may be manufactured RNase free, but this a difficult to certify. No analytical tools exist to test for low RNase levels.

A container with a bulged or deformed bottom, causing the container to rock when in an upright position.

A bottom defect. A bottom which has sagged so that the container is unstable when placed on a flat surface.

Glass and polyethylene rods are used particularly in the drug and cosmetic industries. One of the most common is a balled-end rod for touch applying medicines.

Hollow and solid roll-on balls for deodorant containers in various sizes. Materials used include HDPE, LDPE, P/P, P/S, PTFE, acetal and nylon.

Roll-on pilferproof aluminum closure.

A finish defect. A finish which has irregular, minute imperfections causing a rough surface.

Regular slotted container. A rectangular three dimensional shipping container, made of either solid fibreboard or of corrugated fibreboard. Outer flaps meet. Inner flaps do not meet unless length and width happen to be the same.

A Unipac (formerly 3M Cap-Seal) product. A facing consisting of a treated polyester film bonded to the paper side of paperbacked aluminum foil.

Polyester film laminated to aluminum foil bonded to .035 pulp board. Application: Good barrier for shampoos, hand creams, mouthwashes or pharmaceutical products.

A Unipac (formerly 3M Cap-Seal) product. SG-100 has a two-piece welded construction with a tamper indicating feature. An innerseal which provides a fused, tamper indicating foil seal over the mouth of P/E containers. Safe-Gard 100 is preferred by the pharmaceutical industry for its "easy entry" feature. The SG-100 foil membrane is easily ruptured, a critical consideration for geriatric care. SG-100 is white lined pulpboard wax-bonded to an innerseal consisting of .001" aluminum foil with a .0015" heat sealable film. Typical packaging applications include innerseals for dry drink mixes, vitamins, over-the-counter drugs, etc. Equivalent liners: Selig FoilSeal 1-17, Sancap HS702, Tekniplex HS123.

A Unipac (formerly 3M Cap-Seal) product. SG-101 has a two-piece welded construction with a tamper indicating feature. It is the same as SG-100, but SG-101 is used on P/P containers. Commonly supplied as white lined pulpboard wax-bonded to an innerseal consisting of .001" aluminum foil with a .0015" heat sealable film. Typical packaging applications include innerseals for dry drink mixes, over-the-counter drugs, cosmetics, etc.

A Unipac (formerly 3M Cap-Seal) product. SG-102 has a two-piece welded construction with a tamper indicating feature. It is the same as SG-100, but SG-102 is used on P/S containers. It is designed to allow an easy push-through opening feature. SG-102 is composed of white lined pulpboard wax-bonded to .001" aluminum foil with a .002" heat sealable layer. Typical packaging applications include innerseals for dry products such as over-the-counter drugs.

A Unipac (formerly 3M Cap-Seal) product. A two piece peelable liner with an easy open feature. SG-105 provides a tamper indicating seal over the mouth of P/E and glass containers. It combines excellent barrier properties and an easily ruptured foil membrane. SG-105 is commonly supplied wax-bonded to .035" white lined pulpboard with a facing consisting of a .0015" polyolefin inomer coated on .0015" aluminum foil. SG-105 is ideal for OTC drugs, semi-solid spreads, peanut butter, drink mixes and salad dressings.

A Unipac (formerly 3M Cap-Seal) product. A one piece peelable liner with a tamper indicating feature. SG-108 provides a seal over the mouth of P/E, PVC, PET, P/P, P/S and ABS containers. It is a one piece innerseal with "clean peel" characteristics, making it ideal for use in dispenser, closure and pourable liquid applications. It features a broad sealing range, superior handling properties and excellent barrier characteristics for food applications requiring extended shelf life. Typical packaging applications include innerseals used in conjunction with dispensing closures on plastic containers of ketchup, mustard, relish, barbeque sauce, jelly, ice cream toppings, honey, etc. Other uses include OTC drugs, fruit juices, milk, water, glass cleaner, etc.

A Unipac (formerly 3M Cap-Seal) product. SG-490 is a two piece peelable innerseal. It provides a hermetic seal against leaks, contamination and oxidation on glass bottles.

A Unipac (formerly 3M Cap-Seal) product. When Safe-Gard 18EP is supplied as a facing only, it is called Safe-Gard 602. See Safe-Gard 18EP for composition and typical uses.

A Unipac (formerly 3M Cap-Seal) product. Safe-Gard 603 is a .003" aluminum foil version of the Safe-Gard 18EP facing. See Safe-Gard 18EP for composition and uses.

A one-piece variation of Safe-Gard 18EP which provides a peelable or strippable seal over the mouths of P/E, P/P, PVC, P/S and ABS containers. SG 634 is frequently used for pull-tab innerseal applications. It is also supplied as a two-piece innerseal, wax bonded to a .030" pulpboard backing, for applications where a high quality, chemically resistant closure liner must remain in the cap for re-seal purposes. See SG 18EP for composition. Uses include pull-tab innerseals on plastic milk, water and juice containers. If the tab is folded over inside the cap, another product, CAG Release Paper, can be used as a back-up liner to prevent the tab's heat-sealable surface from sealing to the inside of the cap. The two-piece version described in the paragraph above is used in packaging liquid drugs.

A one-piece variation of Safe Gard 18EP which provides a peelable or strippable seal over the mouths of P/E, P/P, PVC, P/S and ABS containers. Safe-Gard 635 is frequently used for pull-tab innerseal applications. See SG 18EP for technical information. SG 635 is commonly used as a pull-tab innerseal on plastic milk, water and juice containers. If the tab is folded over inside the cap, a companion product, CAG Release Paper, can be used as a back-up liner to prevent the heat-sealable surface on the tab from sealing to the inside of the cap.

A Unipac (formerly 3M Cap-Seal) product. An innerseal which provides a fused, tamper indicating seal on P/E containers. It is designed for use in plastic closures. It is white lined pulpboard wax-bonded to an innerseal consisting of .001" aluminum foil with a .002" heat sealable polyester film. Safe-Gard 75M offers excellent chemical resistance and superior barrier properties as well as a tough durable seal. It has broad market acceptance for use with industrial chemicals, automotive products, pharmaceutical and food products. Typical packaging applications include innerseals for orange juice, patent drugs, windshield washer solution, anti-freeze, motor oil, household cleaners, insecticides, herbicides, etc.

A Unipac (formerly 3M Cap-Seal) product. An innerseal which provides a fused, tamper indicating foil seal over the mouth of PET and PVC containers. SG 90 is the industry standard for edible oils packaged in PVC containers. Safe-Gard 90 is white lined pulpboard wax-bonded to an innerseal consisting of .001" aluminum foil with a .005" heat sealable polyester film. It can be supplied as facing only. The excellent barrier properties and broad induction sealing range make this product ideal for applications in the food industry. Typical packaging applications include innerseals for vegetable oils, mouthwash, etc.

Styrene acrylonitrile. Thermoplastic copolymer with good stiffness, scratch, chemical and stress-crack resistance. Similar to general purpose polystrene except for improved impact resistance and barrier properties; increased rigidity and UV stability; natural straw color; transparent.

Manufactured by SANCAP Liner Technology, Inc. Saralene is a white pigmented or clear vinylidene chloride-vinyl chloride copolymer film laminated to P/S foam on one side and P/E film on the other side. Color: White. Suggested product uses include after shave lotion, cold cream, cologne, deodorant (cream), glass wax, peroxide, poison ivy lotion, shampoo, concentrated coffee, corn oil, cough syrup, alcohol and fruit extracts.

A wide variety is available, including P/P and P/E measuring scoops, PET powder scoops and P/P double-end scoops.

A vial with a very short neck and an outside screw-thread finish.

Various sizes to fit most single and double wall jars, and cosmetic cases. Options include embossing and with or without tabs.

That portion of a glass or plastic container finish which will make contact with the interior liner of the cap to effect the seal.

A finish defect. A fin of glass across the top or the side of the finish.

Made in one piece without a joint.

Manufactured by SANCAP Liner Technology, Inc. SEPT SEAL is a backing material to which facings are laminated in the manufacture of duplex liners. Is is a heat sealable film coated with P/E.

A vial having a neck with a relatively small opening to receive a rubber plug stopper and aluminum seal.

When pressure sensitive or heat induction liners are printed with the words "SEALED FOR YOUR PROTECTION".

In RapidFind, Shape is one of the search criteria. In the Glass and Plastic product types, Shape refers to the shape of the bottom of the container. Shape is not a search criteria in the Closure product type.

A general defect. C-shaped marks making a definite line in the glass.

Polyethylene, rubber, Lexan, and acrylic sheeting.

A line of glass containers (used by drug and chemical companies) that was designed to give the packer specific advantages on label space, maximum size, appearance and easy pouring, combining the best features of Boston Round and F-style containers.

A cylindrical container, usually made of glass, characterized by having straight sides, being neckless, and having a flat bottom. Made by sealing one end of a glass tube of appropriate diameter and length.

Solvents leaching through a plastic container.

(1) That part of a container between the main body and the neck. (2) That portion of a closure immediately adjacent to and including the corner where top and skirt join. (3) In a can, an off-set on a straight side to act as a stop or support.

A shoulder defect. A check which is shallow and in the surface, usually wavy in appearance.

Stock and custom sizes of PVC and PETG shrink bands, including tamper evident, seamless and seamed bands, cellulose self-sealing bands and Viscose Celon shrink bands. Options include printing and color decoration.

Pre-decorated plastic sleeves that are slipped over the container and heated until they conform to the surface of the container. Same principle as the sleeve label, but superior for odd and small shapes.

A SANCAP Liner Technology product. White paper PVDC - polyethylene. Sicocote 250A is a construction of white pigmented P/E and polyvinylidene chloride (PVDC) on a bleached Kraft paper. Color: White. Suggested product uses include concentrated coffee, corn oil, fruit extract, alcohol, after shave lotion, cold cream, cologne, cough syrup, cream deodorant, glass wax, starch, poison ivy lotion and radiator compound.

A SANCAP Liner Technology product. White paper - polyethylene PVDC. Sicocote 255A is a construction of white P/E and polyvinylidene (PVDC) on a bleached Kraft paper. Color: Bleach Kraft Paper. Suggested product uses include after shave lotion, cold cream, cologne, cough syrup, hand soap, hair shampoo, concentrated coffee, glass wax, fruit extract, syrup and vinegar.

A SANCAP Liner Technology product. Natural Kraft paper PVCD polyethylene. Sicocote 260 is a construction of clear P/E and polyvinylidene chloride (PVDC) on a natural Kraft paper. Color: Natural. Suggested product uses include after shave lotion, cold cream, cologne, cough syrup, hand soap, poison ivy lotion, hair shampoo, alcohol, concentrated coffee, corn oil, syrup, fruit extract, vinegar and radiator compound.

A SANCAP Liner Technology product. Natural Kraft paper - polyethylene - PVDC. Sicocote 265 is a construction of clear P/E and polyvinlidene chloride (PVDC) on a natural Kraft paper. Color: Natural. Suggested product uses include after shave lotion, cold cream, cologne, cough syrup, hand soap, poison ivy lotion, hair shampoo, concentrated coffee, corn oil, fruit extract, syrup, vinegar and radiator compound.

A SANCAP Liner Technology product. Paper-backed aluminum foil with a heavy Saran coating. Sicocote 417 consists of a paper-backed aluminum foil with two coatings applied - a vinyl first coat and a saran second (top) coat. Color: White. Suggested product uses include after shave lotion, astringent, baby cream, beauty cream, cologne, deodorant stick, hair cream, hair shampoo, antacid liquids, mineral oil, floor cleaner and polish, furniture cleaner and polish, waxing compound and auto cleaner and polish.

A SANCAP Liner Technology product. Saran coated white paper. Sicocote 470 is a pigmented copolymer vinylidene chloride-acrylonitrile coating on a suitably primed white paper. Color: White. Suggested product uses include concentrated coffee, cottage cheese, mayonnaise, mustard, salad dressing, wine, cough syrup, mineral oil, liquid shoe polish, floor cleaner, hair dye, pine oil disinfectant and liquid shoe polish.

A SANCAP Liner Technology product. Paper-backed polyethylene coated aluminum foil. Sicocote 700 is a paper-backed aluminum foil coated with a white pigmented P/E. Color: White. Suggested product uses include after shave lotion, cologne, cream deodorants, cough syrup, olives, pickles, automotive polish, bleaching fluid, brake fluid, rubber cement, disinfectant, furniture polish, paint and solvents.

A SANCAP Liner Technology product. Paper-backed vinyl coated aluminum foil, with a slightly heavier coating of vinyl than Sicofoil. Sicocote 708 is a paper-backed aluminum foil liner coated with a pigmented vinyl chloride-acetate copolymer applied as a two coat system. Color: White. Suggested product uses include after shave lotion, astringent, facial cream, cream deodorant, hair cream, shampoo, antacid preparations, floor cleaner, bleach, liquid detergent, mustard, vegetable oil and whiskey.

Manufactured by SANCAP Liner Technology, Inc. Sicofoam is a backing material to which facings are laminated in the manufacture of duplex liners. It is a P/E foam which is extruded to the thickness desired.

A SANCAP Liner Technology product. Paper-backed vinyl coated aluminum foil. Sicofoil is a paper-backed aluminum foil liner coated with a pigmented solution of vinyl chloride-acetate copolymer. Color: White. Suggested product uses include after shave lotion, astringent, baby cream, beauty cream, deodorant stick, hair cream, shampoo, cleaners and polishes, waxing compound and vegetable oil.

A SANCAP Liner Technology product. White pigmented Saran film on white paper. Sicoran WS is a white pigmented vinylidene chloride - vinyl chloride copolymer film mounted on white Kraft paper. Color: White. Suggested product uses include after shave lotion, cold cream, cologne, cough syrup, cream deodorant, hand soap, poison ivy lotion, hair shampoo, tincture of iodine, alcohol, concentrated coffee, corn oil, fruit extract, glass wax, starch and radiator compound.

A plastic or metal component of a package designed to allow shaking out of dry products, as with a table salt shaker. Snaps over bead, with metal or plastic cap applied over the fitment.

A method of printing in which the ink is forced through a design on a taut screen, made of nylon, wire, or other tough screen material, onto the container to be printed. This method can be applied to closures, liners and most containers regardless of shape or size.

In SourceBase, Size is one of the search criteria. In the Glass and Plastic product types, Size refers to the nominal capacity of a bottle or jar. The nominal capacity is the intended capacity of the container. It is expressed in fluid ounces (oz), gallons (gal), milliliters (ml), drams, etc. In the Closure product type, Size refers to the outside diameter of a bottle or jar's neck finish, including the threads. The size is usually designated in millimeters (mm).

The vertical part of a closure below the shoulder.

A decorated, plastic label made into a tubular form that fits over and on plastic bottles.

(1) A metal closure with indentations on its sides to make a friction fit on a vial with a slip-cap finish. (2) A closure made of soft material such as polyethylene or rubber, without threads, to be pushed over the tip or neck of a container and held in place by friction.

The most prevalent hinged closure. This closure features a spud and orifice design that is sanitary and self cleaning to prevent clogging. It is available in a wide range of orifice sizes. The snap type can also be designed with an off center spout to direct product flow. The pour spout can be easily lined with a variety of heat sealed materials to ensure product freshness.

Foamed EVA core with top and bottom layers of .002" thick low density polyethylene.

Solid low density polyethylene.

Within the context of raw material use, source-certified refers to materials that have been certified through programs run by organizations including, but not limited to, the Forest Stewardship Council and the Sustainable Forestry Initiative.

Sourcing, as used in the indicator definitions, refers to and includes all of the functions involved in the growth, harvest or extraction and processing or raw materials and the collection and processing of recycled and reused materials.

Refers to any pharmaceutical package such as the shelfline or blake style bottle which, because of it rectangular shape, takes up less storage space on the druggist's shelf.

Varieties for the cosmetics, pharmaceutical, food and laboratory markets.

Fiberboard, paper screw-cap and aluminum specimen mailers.

Fiberboard, paper screw-cap and aluminum specimen mailers.

A process of fusing two objects together by forcing them together while one of the pair is spinning, until frictional heat melts the interface. Spinning is then stopped and pressure held until they are "frozen" together.

A finish defect. A finish which has a crack, or split, across the top surface, extending from the top of the finish downward.

The technique of spray coating a glass container to create a frosted, matte translucent appearance.

Trigger, finger-tip, pump, continuous spray and metering sprayers, hose-end sprayers for lawn and garden, and compressed air sprayers. Different types of decoration are available, including silk-screen and hot stamp decoration.

In plastic bottle manufacturing, silkscreen decoration. Also S/S.

A 3M Cap-Seal product. PVDC coated paper closure liner material that offers good resistance to chemicals, excellent resistance to brine solutions and vegetable oils, and offers very low moisture vapor and gas transmission rates. ST-25P imparts no taste or odor to the sealed product. The waxed version provides increased protection for products such as salad dressing and mayonnaise. ST-25P is a natural kraft tan color. Typical packaging applications include closure liners for citrus fruit extracts, pickles, vegetable oils, mayonnaise, salad dressings and powdered milk, as well as for anti-perspirants, alcoholic beverages, volatile disinfectants, etc.

An ingredient used in the formulation of some plastics, especially elastomers, to assist in maintaining the physical and chemical properties of the compounded materials at their initial values throughout the processing and service life of the materials.

A closure designed specifically to nest with the bottom plate of a container to facilitate the stacking of filled containers on top of each other.

As defined in the Global Reporting Initiative Guidelines, stakeholders are individuals or organizations with a legitimate interest in a given situation, action or enterprise. For performance measurement purposes, stakeholders are broadly defined as those groups or individuals; 1) who can be reasonably expected to be affected by an organization's activities, products and/or services; or 2) whose actions can reasonably be expected to affect the ability of the organization to effectively implement its strategies and achieve its objectives.

Single trip container.

The Stelvin(R) neck finish can be found on some glass wine bottles. It is a screw thread finish designed to accommodate the Stelvin(R) closure, an aluminium cap with a tamper evident breakaway band. Offers product preservation, a modern look and practicality. Offered by Alcan Packaging (Pechiney).

The Stelvin(R) neck finish can be found on some glass wine bottles. It is a screw thread finish designed to accommodate the Stelvin(R) closure, an aluminum cap with a tamper evident breakaway band. Offers product preservation, a modern look and practicality. Offered by Alcan Packaging (Pechiney).

Gamma irradiation, ethylene oxide, and electron beam sterilization. Installation of sterilization systems available for companies requiring in-house processing. Sterilizing cleaners and sterilized tests also available.

A decoration consisting of a system of closely spaced small raised dots on the outer surface of a container or closure.

A general defect. Small inclusions of refractory or unmelted batch materials.

A solid, cork-shaped, ground-to-fit plug used to seal some bottles.

Laboratory quality, micro, and corrosion resistant stoppers.

The period of time during which a product can be stored under specified temperature conditions and remain suitable for use. Sometimes called shelf life or working life.

The susceptibility of a thermoplastic article to cracking or crazing under the influence of certain chemicals and stress. Frequently accelerated by the environment to which the plastic is exposed. The stresses which cause cracking may be present internally or externally or may be combinations of both.

The term "stressed source" or "stressed Watershed" refers to sources of water where the draw down rate is greater than the recharge rate. On a regional basis, stressed sources of water cannot provide enough water for all uses - Agricultural, industrial and domestic - due to depletion of water quantity and/or quality. The UN Commission on Sustainable Development suggests that water sources are stressed when freshwater resources fall below 1000-1500 cubic meters per capita per year.

In plastic bottle manufacturing, a longitudinal line in the parison or bottle due to a disturbance in the melt path.

Mold action in the manufacture of closures: After the injection cycle is completed, the cavity is removed and the stripper sleeve moves forward forcing the closure to flare and strip over the core.

In RapidFind, Style is one of the search criteria. In the Glass and Plastic product types, Style can refer to standard industry names, such as Cylinder, Boston Round, F-Style, Modern Round, Wide Mouth (W/M) Jar, etc. If a name is not standard industry-wide, Style refers to the sides of the bottle, i.e., straight sided, tapered, etc. In the Closure product type, Style designates standard industry names. If a closure has threads, the Style is Continuous Thread. Other Styles include Dispensing, Child Resistant Closure (CRC), etc.

Similar to general purpose polystyrene except for improved impact resistance and barrier properties; increased rigidity and UV stability; natural straw color; transparent. Also see SAN.

A shoulder defect. A shoulder which is not fully blown.

Foamed low density polyethylene core with top and bottom layers of .002" thick low density polyethylene.

Solid EVA. The last two digits in the 300 series number indicate the percentage of vinyl acetate in the EVA.

Solid blend of low density polyehtylene and polyisobutylene. The last two digits in the 400 series number indicate the percentage of polyisobutylene in the blend.

Foamed low density polyethylene core with top and bottom layers of .002" thick high density polyethylene.

Foamed low density polyethylene core with top and bottom layers of .002" thick polypropylene.

Core is a proprietary blend of foamed polyolefins. Top and bottom layers are .002" thick low density polyethylene.

Any method of treating the surface of a plastic item to accept inks, paints, adhesives and chemical, flame and electronic treating.

Sustainability in the corporate sector encompasses strategies and practices that aim to meet the needs of stakeholders today while seeking to protect, support and enhance the human and natural resources that will be needed in the future. *Numerous definitions of sustainability exist and increasingly organizations are customizing definitions of sustainability to incorporate the broadly accepted principles of the concept (i.e., a blending of economic, environmental and social concerns) with their own specific visions, goals and objectives. The definition provided here is intended to be generic and illustrative of the basic principle.

Process or state that can be maintained at a certain level indefinitely, to provide the best outcomes for the human and natural environments both now and into the indefinite future.

A target vision for companies to strive for packaging that can be transformed into a cradle to cradle flow of packaging materials in a system that is economically robust and provides benefit throughout its life cycle. Sustainable packaging that is:

Beneficial, safe and healthy for individuals and communities throughout its life cycle; 

Meets market criteria for performance and cost; 

Sourced, manufactured, transported and recycled using renewable energy; 

Maximizes use of renewable or recycled source materials; 

Manufactured using clean production technologies and best practices; 

Made from materials healthy in all probably end-of-life scenarios; 

Physically designed to optimize materials and energy; 

Effectively recovered and utilized in biological or industrial cradle to cradle cycles.

A 3M Cap-Seal product. PVDC coated paper closure liner material with good resistance to chemicals, excellent resistance to brine solutions and vegetable oils, and very low moisture vapor and gas transmission rates. SW-25P imparts no taste or odor to the sealed product. The waxed version of this paper provides increased protection for products such as mayonnaise and salad dressings. SW-25P is white in color. Some typical packaging applications include closure liners for citrus fruit extracts, pickles, vegetable oils, mayonnaise, salad dressings and powdered milk, as well as for anti-perspirants, alcoholic beverages, volatile disinfectants, etc.

Cotton and foam swabs.

Varieties include a dual syringe with snap-off nozzle tip, and specialty syringes with various tips for a wide variety of applications, including infant care, feeding small animals or birds, and applying glues, dyes, lotions, resins and inks.

Abbreviation for tight head. Used by drum and pail manufacturers to indicate that the lid is a structural component of the drum or pail, instead of a separate part.

A form of liner usually of glassine that is applied over and bonded to a waxed under-liner. When cap is removed from glass, the tacseal liner adheres to the glass lip as a security-type liner.

A seal that cannot be opened without partially destroying the cap or otherwise showing evidence of tampering.

(1) A secondary closure made of aluminum, steel, plastic, tape or film to be applied over a primary cap-closure of a rigid container, and designed to require tearing off by manual effort before the container is opened or contents removed. Purpose is to reveal any tampering with the primary closure. (2) Also a perforated extension of tamper-evident closures.

Metal or plastic containers designed for liquid storage, processing, and transporting.

A narrow ribbon of film, cord, etc., usually incorporated mechanically in the wrapper or overwrap during the wrapping operation or imbedded in a carton to facilitate opening of the package. The scored strip on a key-opening can. Tear tape.

An extension of the tearing strip on a package to permit easy grasping with the fingers.

A finish defect. A finish which has a small surface section of glass torn from under it.

Teflon FEP is translucent, flexible and feels heavy because of its high density. It resists all known chemicals except molten alkali metals, elemental fluorine and fluorine precursors at elevated temperatures. It should not be used with concentrated perchloric acid. FEP withstands temperatures from -270 degrees C to +250 degrees C and may be sterilized repeatedly by all known chemical and thermal methods. It can even be boiled in nitric acid.

Teflon PFA is translucent and slightly flexible. It has the widest temperature range of the fluoropolymers from -270 degrees C to +250 degrees C, with superior chemical resistance across the entire range. Compared to TFE at +277 degrees C, it has better strength, stiffness and creep resistance. PFA also has a low coefficient of friction, outstanding anti-stick properties and is flame resistant.

Tefzel ETFE is white, translucent and slightly flexible. It is a close analog of the Teflon fluorocarbons, an ethylene tetrafluoroethylene copolymer. ETFE shares the remarkable chemical and temperature resistance of Teflon TFE and FEP, and has even greater mechanical strength and impact resistance.

Solid Teflon: .030 solid unpigmented polytetrafluoroethylene.

The generic term is heat transfer labeling. Process in which a label is applied to a container by heating the label and the surface of the bottle. The heating of the label activates the adhesive on it. After application, the labeled container is flamed to set the label. Used for decorating plastic bottles, glass bottles, and folding cartons.

Crazing and cracking of some thermoplastic resins which result from over-exposure to elevated temperatures.

Custom vacuum and pressure thermoforming. Thermoformed packaging is available for food and product displays, blister packs, clamshells and tri-folds.

A plastic that will repeatedly soften when heated and harden when cooled. Typical packaging thermoplastics are polystyrenes, polyethylenes, acrylics, vinyls, and nylons.

A resin having the property of becoming soft upon application of heat, rigid at normal temperature, and plastic on each reapplication of heat.

(1) A material that will undergo or has undergone a chemical reaction by the action of heat, catalysts, ultra-violet light, etc., leading to a relatively infusible and cross-linked state. Typical of the plastics in the thermosetting family are aminos (melamine and urea), polyesters, alkyds, epoxies, and phenolics. (2) A material which hardens when heated and does not again soften when reheated.

A shoulder defect. A shoulder which has a thin section, characterized by the difference in color between thick and thin glass, or by the appearance of a wave above and below the thin section.

The indented curved formed section of the cap on the skirt that engages and matches the thread of the container for screw fit purposes. The thread may be continuous or interrupted.

A finish defect. A finish with threads or lugs that are not completely blown or pressed to the shape of the cavity in the neck ring.

In closure applications, refers to tin-plated steel. It is sheet steel, usually of special formula and temper, coated on both sides with a controlled thickness of pure tin.

Black plate that has been coated on both sides by electro-deposition of commercially pure tin, which is then usually melted to improve the appearance and properties of the tinplate. Coating weights available are generally lower than on hot-dipped. Commonly used weights are: 0.20, 0.25, 0.50, 0.75 and 1.00 pound tin per base box. Tinplate numbers refer to these weights. Lower weights of 0.05, 0.10, and 0.15 are also possible for some applications.

Specialty metal packaging. Usually recyclable. Decorative slip cover tins are used to advertise product. Some tins are considered collectors items after product packaged inside is consumed.

Truckload.

A specified allowance for deviations in weighing, measuring, etc., or for deviations from the standard dimensions or weight.

The amount of weight bearing on the top of a container. The term is sometimes used to indicate the maximum load the container will bear without becoming distorted.

The rotational force with which a closure is applied to a bottle finish during capping. It affects seal integrity and tightness between bottle and closure. A properly established application torque will provide sealing integrity under expected conditions of temperatures, vibration, humidity, and shock.

From Owens-Brockway, suggested tightness for various size closures in inch-pounds of hand-applied torque: Closure Size Suggested tightness of application ì in inch pounds torque as applied by hand 8 MM 3 - 7 10 MM 4 - 8 13 MM 5 - 9 15 MM 5 - 9 18 MM 7 - 10 20 MM 8 - 12 22 MM 9 - 14 24 MM 10 - 18 28 MM 12 - 21 30 MM 13 - 23 33 MM 15 - 25 38 MM 17 - 26 43 MM 17 - 27 48 MM 19 - 30 53 MM 21 - 36 58 MM 23 - 40 63 MM 25 - 43 70 MM 28 - 50 83 MM 32 - 60 86 MM 40 - 65 89 MM 40 - 70 100 MM 45 - 70 110 MM 45 - 70 120 MM 55 - 95 132 MM 60 - 95

The rotational force with which a threaded closure is removed from a bottle finish. It defines the amount of rotational force necessary to loosen, open, or remove the closure. A properly designed package should have a removal torque range appropriate for its intended use and the consideration of any requirements for child resistant or tamper evident closure needs.

The application torque which is sufficient to cause the closure and/or bottle finish to distort and override the matching closure/bottle threads, resulting in loose caps, no seal, or package component deformation.

A type of torque meter used for measuring removal torque of screw caps, lug caps, or twist-off crowns. Can also be used to apply screw or lug caps to a known predetermined tightness.

Total Suspended solids are a water quality measurement that refers to the dry-weight of particles trapped by a filter, typically of a specified pore size. TSS can include a wide variety of material, such as silt, decaying plant and animal matter, industrial wastes and sewage. High concentrations of suspended solids can cause many problems for stream health and aquatic life.

A toxicant is defined by the U.S. EPA as a harmful substance or agent that may injure an exposed organism, and a toxic substance as a chemical or mixture that may present an unreasonable risk of injury to human health or the environment. A list of U.S. EPA regulated toxicants is provided in the Toxic Substances Control Act (TSCA) Chemical Substances Inventory. European Union regulated toxicants are listed in the EU's Registration, Evaluation, Authorization and Restriction of Chemicals (REACH) regulations.

Persistent Bioaccumulative Toxic Substances (PBTs): PBTs, according to the U.S. EPA, are chemicals that are toxic, persist in the environment and bioaccumulate in food chains and, thus, pose risks to human health and ecosystems. PBT's transfer easily among air, water and land, and span program, geographical and generational boundaries. Refer to the U.S. EPA list of PBTs and the EU listing of PBTs.

Carcinogens, Mutagens and Reproductive Toxicants (CMRs): The U.S. Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) defines carcinogens as substances that are either known to cause cancer in human or animals or are suspected of being capable of causing cancer in humans; mutagens as substances that cause chromosomal damage or genetic alterations; and reproductive toxicants as substances with lethal teratogenic (causing malformation or physical defects) effects in a developing fetus or embryo and substances that affect the fertility of males and/or females. Refer to the list of substance treated as carcinogens by OSHA. The State of California's Proposition 65 includes the most comprehensive list of CMRs regulated in the U.S. Also refer to the EU consolidated list of CMRS.

Toxicant Migration: Toxicant migration, refers to the undesirable transfer of toxicants from packaging to product.

Stock plastic toy telephones, tool kits, banks, doll house furniture, batons and pompoms are available.

Thermoplastic elastomer.

A projecting bead on the outer surface of some glass containers, usually just below the finish, to provide a surface of engagement for the jaws of handling devices during manufacture.

Descriptive of a material or substance transmitting some light, but not clear enough to be seen through.

Descriptive of a material or substance capable of a high degree of light transmission (e.g., glass). Some polypropylene films and acrylic moldings are outstanding in this respect.

Transport, in terms of sustainable packaging, refers to the transport of raw, recycled, reused or final packaging materials, packaging components or units of packaging between supply chain partners (e.g., transport of substrate to a converter or transport of packaging units to a filer; it does not include transport of packaging that contains product).

PET cake and ice cream roll trays, glass trays, medical prep, sterilized instrument and procedure set-up trays, produce trays, CPET and HDPE trays for use in microwave or conventional ovens, food cutting, display, and carrying trays, and wallpaper and paint roller trays.

Manufactured by Tri-Seal, a Tekni-Plex Company. Liner utilizing F-217 as a backing material bonded to a polyester film/white LDPE/aluminum foil facing. Provides very good control of moisture vapor and gas transmissions.

Manufactured by Tri-Seal, a Tekni-Plex Company. Liner with F-217 backing material bonded to any of several heat seal coatings. When adhered to aluminum foil and exposed to an electromagnetic field from an induction sealer, the liner will bond to containers made of LDPE, HDPE, P/S, P/P, PET and PVC. Also available as Tri-Gard Separating which provides a clean peel on HDPE, LDPE, P/P and PET bottles.

Manufactured by Tri-Seal, a Tekni-Plex Company. Liner with an F-217 backing material and any of various face materials. The face material, in thicknesses of 0.0005" to 0.002" depends on the product being packaged. Possible face materials include polyester, PVDC-coated polyester, PVDC film, nylon/EVOH, EVA/EVOH and aluminum foil.

Manufactured by Tri-Seal, a Tekni-Plex Company. Liner with either F-217 or F-8268 backing material bonded to PEN face material. Provides excellent carbon dioxide barrier, oxygen barrier, moisture barrier, good thermal properties, and stability. Uses include health care and pharmaceutical items, personal care products, food, beverages, and industrial.

Manufactured by Tri-Seal, a Tekni-Plex Company. Liner with capability to remove oxygen from sensitive areas, including oxygen initially present in the headspace, oxygen entrapped in the food or beverage, and oxygen that is permeating into the package over time.

Stock and custom plastic and aluminum dispensing tubes and collapsible aluminum tubes in various sizes, styles and shapes. Decorating and stock or custom closure options are available.

PVC, PETG and cellulose propionate flex tubing. Various sizes are available. Shapes include square, round, triangle and rectangle. Options include shell, beaded, hang-up and threaded.

Recycled paperboard and converted paperboard tubes, composite, and pinched end tubes.

Rollstock, poly, anti-static poly, extruded plastic, paper, composite, silicone, corrosion resistant, seamed and seamless PVC, rubber, mini-bore, flame retardant P/E, PETG.

HDPE, LDPE, P/P, P/E, P/S, PET and PVC tubs. Various sizes, colors and shapes are available. Lids are also available, as well as printing, silk screening, labeling and decorating.

Containers made from preformed hollow glass tubes. The tubes are cut into desired length, and by heat and pressure they are shaped into the desired configuration. Unlike blown glass, tubular items do not require molds.

An injected molded two piece dispensing closure. It requires that the turret "spout" be lifted with a finger to open and dispense.

A borosilicate glass which releases the least amount of alkali. It is commonly used for pharmaceutical or fine chemical products that are sensitive to PH changes.

A soda lime glass (Type III) that has been de-alkalized by treating the interior surfaces to eat away the alkali on or near the glass surfaces. The undesirable characteristic of Type II Glass is that the treating etches the surface, causing a frosted appearance.

A soda lime glass and the most common in use. Type III is compatible with most items: food, beverages, common chemicals, etc.

Zone of invisible radiations beyond the violet end of the spectrum of visible radiations. Since UV radiation is a shorter wavelength than visible, it is of higher energy that is sufficient enough to initiate the chemical reactions that degrade most plastics.

The four-digit number assigned by the United Nations Committee of Experts on the transport of dangerous goods. These numbers identify a particular group of substances.

A general defect. Thin and thick areas, especially in the side walls of the ware.

A package which contains one discrete dosage form, i.e., one tablet, one capsule, one 2 ml quantity of liquid, etc. A unit package consists of the unit quantity, protective wrapping, cushioning, and identification marking, up to but not including the shipping container. Single dose unit packaging is used for foods, drugs, cosmetics, medical devices and some industrial products.

A simple mold which comprises only a single cavity without further mold devices, and is used for the production of sample containers.

A unit of packaging includes all the components required to create a usable package, e.g., a fiber milk carton with a HDPE pouring spout, security seal, cap and any auxiliary materials used such as labels, adhesives, inks and/or coatings.

A load in which all the containers or articles which may consist of two or more units combined by interlacing or, more commonly, bound together by means of tension strapping, plastic shrink or stretch films.

Mold action in the manufacture of closures. After the injection cycle is completed, the mold cavity is removed. The core then begins to rotate, literally unscrewing the core from the closure, as a stripper sleeve moves forward to eject the closure.

Universal product code. A 10 digit, all numeric code which uniquely identifies a product. The first 5 digits, called the manufacturer identification number, identify each manufacturer or organization controlling the label of the product. The second 5 digits, called the item code, identify individual items within the companies and are assigned by the manufacturer or organization controlling the label of the product.

Generic name for urea-formaldehyde. A thermosetting compound used to fabricate light colored plastic closures as opposed to phenol which is for dark closures.

Any chemical compound which, when mixed with a thermoplastic resin, selectively absorbs UV rays and minimizes chemical and/or physical changes that may be engendered by UV.